Executive Summary:
- Poland announced plans to build fortifications on its border with Russia’s Kaliningrad oblast and Belarus, with construction of the “Eastern Shield” defensive line to be completed by 2028.
- Poland is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) top military spender by percent of its GDP and is one of the leaders among the states of NATO’s eastern flank, who are preparing for a potential escalation of Russia’s war beyond Ukraine’s borders.
- Poland’s determination to safeguard its sovereign territory…